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非正式口语中的语法在某些方面与书面语法不同。句子通常不那么复杂，使用的连词种类更少，也更简单。

While the hotel was of quite a high standard, the food was disappointing.

The hotel was quite good, but the food was disappointing.

They work very hard, the students.

在非正式口语中，经常省略非重读的句子开头。

Car’s running badly. (=The car’s…)

Forgotten the umbrella again. (=He’s forgotten…)

She ready? (=Is she ready?)

Won’t work. (=It won’t work)

No reason to panic. (= There’s no reason…)

在非正式口语中，经常只用助动词，而不重复较长的表达。

He said he’d write to me, but he hasn’t. (=…he hasn’t written to me.)

如果没有可重复的助动词，则用 do。

4.附加疑问句It's cold, isn't it?

You haven’t seen Joe, have you?

否定的附加疑问句通常用缩写形式，如 isn’t it（通常不说 is it not?）在附加疑问句中，am I not 的缩写形式是 aren’t I?

I’m late, aren’t I?

答语疑问句（reply question）的构成为助动词+代词（与附加疑问句类似），表达关注、兴趣或惊奇。

—Did you?

—John likes that girl next door.—Oh, does he?

—Was it?

用否定的答语疑问句来回答肯定句，表示加强赞同的语气。

—She’s lost a lot of weight.—Yes, hasn’t she?

来源：商务印书馆英语编辑室

来源：商务印书馆英语编辑室